Caraka-Saṃhita Post 2 (1.1.4-5)

 Caraka-Saṃhita 1.1.4-5

 

ब्रह्मणा हि यथाप्रोक्तम् आयुर्वेदं प्रजापतिः ।

जग्राह निखिलेनादाव् अश्विनौ तु पुनस् ततः ॥ C१,१.४

अश्विभ्यां भगवाञ्छक्रः प्रतिपेदे ह केवलम् ।

ऋषिप्रोक्तो भरद्वाजस् तस्माच्छक्रम् उपागमत् ॥ C१,१.५

Since the Science of Life, as declared by Brahman, was received by Prajapati in its entirety, the Aśvins then from him, from the Aśvins the illustrious Śakra alone had received (it), therefore, requested by the Rishis, Bharadwaja repaired to Śakra.

brahmaṇā hi yathāproktam āyurvedaṃ prajāpatiḥ /
jagrāha nikhilenādāv aśvinau tu punas tataḥ // Car_1,1.4
aśvibhyāṃ bhagavāñchakraḥ pratipede ha kevalam /
ṛṣiprokto bharadvājas tasmācchakram upāgamat // Car_1,1.5

 

brahmaṇā  - by brahman (instrumental, neuter, singular)

hi – indeed (indeclinable particle)

yathā – in this manner (indeclinable)

proktam = pra+uktam – proclaimed, taught (passive, past participle pra√vac)

āyurvedaṃ - Ayurveda (masculine, accusative, singular)

prajāpatiḥ - Prajapati (proper noun, masculine, nominative, singular)

jagrāha – grabbed, took, received (3^rd person, past perfect √grah)

nikhilena – entirely, completely (indeclinable, adverb)

ādau – in the beginning, first (masculine, locative, singular – ādi)

aśvinau  - The two Aśvins (masculine, nominative, dual)

tu – indeed, but (indeclinable particle)

punaḥ - again, further (indeclinable)

tataḥ - then (indeclinable)

aśvibhyāṃ - from the two Aśvins (masculine, ablative, dual)

bhagavān - – glorious, divine, venerable (adjective, masculine, nominative, singular, bhagavat)

Śakraḥ  - Indra (epithet, masculine, nominative, singular)

pratipede  - obtained, received (3rd person singular, past perfect 1 ātmanepada prati√pad )

ha -  indeed, verily (indeclinable particle)

kevalam – alone (indeclinable adverb)

ṛṣiproktaḥ - addressed by the ṛṣis

bharadvājaḥ- Bharadvaja (masculine, nominative, singular)

tasmāt – therefore (indeclinable)

Śakram – to Indra (masculine, accusative, singular)

upāgamat – went, approached ((3^rd person singular, aorist, upa√gam Class 1 parasmai pada)

When verses become a bit complex for beginners, I will propose an ‘anvaya’ (prose form) so that the verse can be understood more logically.

Ādau brahmaṇā hi yathāproktam āyurvedaṃ prajāpatiḥ nikhilena jagrāha; aśvinau tu punaḥ; tataḥ aśvibhyāṃ bhagavān Śakraḥ ha kevalam pratipede; tasmāt ṛṣiproktaḥ Bharadvājaḥ Śakram upāgamat // Car_1,1.4-5

Caraka-Saṃhitā Post 1 (1.1.1-3)

  

Caraka Saṃhitā: Sanskrit text, transliteration, grammar and translation

For the benefit of fellow Sanskrit students and for those interested in Ayurveda, I am undertaking this labour of love. Living at the source is the theme of my blog. And this offering is no different. Learn Sanskrit and access the original text personally – till then, these posts are trainer wheels!

The format is the same as #SanskritAppreciationHour (for those of you who remember it!), but not interactive in real time. Please feel free to tweet @RohiniBakshi with queries.

The order followed for this project is – Sanskrit text, followed by an English translation for ease. Then follows a transliteration of the Sanskrit and finally a word-by-word grammatical analysis to support the translation.

The Sanskrit text has been taken from Upendra Nath Sen’s Charaka Samhita (https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.322332/page/n77/mode/2up)

The English Translation is of Kaviraj Avinash Chandra Kaviratna (https://archive.org/details/BIUSante_47357/page/n9/mode/2up)

The transliteration is from GRETIL (https://gretil.sub.uni-goettingen.de/gretil/1_sanskr/6_sastra/7_ayur/caraka_u.htm)

The grammatical exposition is my own. I welcome corrections and comments.

Please note that verse numbers vary in different editions, but the text is the same.

  

अथातो दीर्घंजीवितीयम् अध्यायं व्याख्यास्यामः ॥ C१,१.१

इति ह स्माह भगवानात्रेयः ॥ C१,१.२

So then we will explain the lesson about Longevity. Even this was said by the illustrious son of Atri.

athāto dīrghaṃjīvitīyam adhyāyaṃ vyākhyāsyāmaḥ // Car_1,1.1

iti ha smāha bhagavānātreyaḥ // Car_1,1.2

atha – now (indeclinable)

ataḥ - therefore, from this (indeclinable)

dīrgham – long (adjective, accusative masculine, singular)

jīvitīyam  - concerning life/as it should be lived (adjective, accusative, masculine, singular)

adhyāyam – chapter (noun, masculine, accusative, singular)

vyākhyāsyāmaḥ - we (will) tell (verb vi+ā√khyā, Class 2, parasmai pada, 1^st person, plural, future tense)

iti – thus, in this manner (indeclinable)

ha – indeed, assuredly (indeclinable, emphasizing particle)

sma – surely, indeed (indeclinable)

āha – he/she/it said (3^rd person singular of√ah)

bhagavān – glorious, saint, divine, venerable (adjective, masculine, nominative, singular, bhagavat)

atreyaḥ - descendant of Atri (patronym, masculine, nominative, singular)

 

दीर्घं जीवितमन्विच्छन्भरद्वाज उपागमत् ।

इन्द्रमुग्रतपा बुद्ध्वा शरण्यममरेश्वरम् ॥ C१,१.३

Desirous of long life, Bharadwaja of austere penances repaired to the supreme deity Indra, regarding him worthy of court.

dīrghaṃ jīvitamanvicchanbharadvāja upāgamat /
indramugratapā buddhvā śaraṇyamamareśvaram // Car_1,1.3

dīrghaṃ - long (adjective, neuter, accusative, singular)

 jīvitam – duration of life (noun, neuter, accusative, singular)

anvicchan – desiring (present participle, anu+ √iṣ, nominative, masculine, singular)

bharadvājaḥ – Bharadvāja (proper noun, masculine, nominative, singular)

upāgamat – went, approached (3^rd person singular, aorist, upa√gam Class 1 parasmai pada)

indram – Indra (proper noun, masculine, accusative, singular)

ugratapā – he whose tapas is formidable, austere (bahuvrihi compound, adjective for Bharadvāja, masculine, nominative, singular)

buddhvā – knowing, considering (gerund, indeclinable from √budh, 1PP)

śaraṇyam – yielding help (noun/adjective, masculine, accusative, singular – for Indra)

amareśvaram – Lord of the immortals (6^th case tatpuruṣa, describing Indra)