Friday 28 November 2014

BG 1.4-6 'A śloka a day' #SAH #SanskritGrammar

Duryodhana enumerates the Pāṇḍava-allies
अत्र शूरा महेष्वासा भीमार्जुनसमा युधि |
युयुधानो विराटश् च द्रुपदश् च महारथः ||4||
धृष्टकेतुश् चेकितानः काशिराजश् च वीर्यवान् |
पुरुजित् कुन्तिभोजश् च शैब्यश् च नरपुंगवः ||5||
युधामन्युश् च विक्रान्त उत्तमौजाश् च वीर्यवान् |
सौभद्रो द्रौपदेयाश् च सर्व एव महारथाः ||6||

atra śūrā maheṣvāsā bhīmārjunasamā yudhi |
yuyudhāno virāṭaś ca drupadaś ca mahārathaḥ ||4||
dhṛṣṭaketuś cekitānaḥ kāśirājaś ca vīryavān |
purujit kuntibhojaś ca śaibyaś ca narapuṃgavaḥ ||5||
yudhāmanyuś ca vikrānta uttamaujāś ca vīryavān |
saubhadro draupadeyāś ca sarva eva mahārathāḥ ||6||


Here are heroes, mighty archers, equal in battle to Bhīma and Arjuna; Yuyudhāna and  Virāṭa, and Drupada the great warrior. Dhṛṣṭaketu, Cekitāna, and the brave king of  Kāśi, Purujit, Kuntibhoja and Śaibya, a bull among men; mighty Yudhāmanyu, the brave Uttamaujā, the son of Subhadrā and the sons of Draupadī, all indeed great warriors.

अत्र here
शूराः heroes (masc, nom, plural)
महेष्वासाः mighty archers (masc, nom, plural from महा+इषु+अस् (4P) great 'throwers' of arrows) 
भीमार्जुनसमाः equal to Bhīma and Arjuna (masc, nom, plural, ajd) 
युधि in battle (locative, fem, sing)
युयुधानः Name of a Pāṇḍava-ally (masc, nom, sing) 
विराटः Name of a Pāṇḍava-ally (masc, nom, sing)
and
द्रुपदः  Name of a Pāṇḍava-ally (masc, nom, sing)
(connector of noun and adjective)
महारथः epithet/adj of Drupada
धृष्टकेतुः Name of a Pāṇḍava-ally (masc, nom, sing)
चेकितानः Name of a Pāṇḍava-ally (masc, nom, sing)
काशिराजः Name of a Pāṇḍava-ally (masc, nom, sing)
(connector of noun and adjective)
वीर्यवान् the brave
पुरुजित् Name of a Pāṇḍava-ally (masc, nom, sing)
कुन्तिभोजः Name of a Pāṇḍava-ally (masc, nom, sing)
and 
शैब्यः Name of a Pāṇḍava-ally (masc, nom, sing) 
(connector of noun and adjective)
नरपुंगवः bull among men (adj)
युधामन्युः Name of a Pāṇḍava-ally (masc, nom, sing)
and
विक्रान्तः Name of a Pāṇḍava-ally (masc, nom, sing)
उत्तमौजः Name of a Pāṇḍava-ally (masc, nom, sing)
(connector of noun and adjective)
वीर्यवान् the brave
सौभद्रः Abhimanyu
द्रौपदेयाः sons of Draupadī
and
सर्व all (सर्वे in sandhi)
एव indeed (often used as a metrical or rhythmic filler)
महारथाः great warriors (masc, nom, plural)

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